Apology

Plato records the defense speech given by Socrates at his trial, where he stands accused of corrupting the youth and impiety. Rather than begging for mercy, Socrates offers a spirited justification of his philosophical life, arguing that he is a "gadfly" sent to sting the state into awareness. He famously declares that "the unexamined life is not worth living," choosing death over silence. It is a foundational text of Western philosophy, portraying the dignity of a thinker facing unjust persecution.